Lab values
Normal Urine Values
Adult reference ranges in US units with the SI equivalent. Ranges differ a little between labs; use your lab’s printed range.
| Test | US units | SI units | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Specific gravity | 1.005–1.030 | 1.005–1.030 | |
| pH | 4.6–8.0 | 4.6–8.0 | |
| Output | At least 30 mL/h (0.5 mL/kg/h) | At least 30 mL/h (0.5 mL/kg/h) |
Study the labs
- ABG Interpretation in 6 StepspH, PaCO₂, HCO₃⁻, compensation, anion gap and oxygenation, with worked examples
- Electrolyte ImbalancesNa, K, Ca, Mg and phos: normals, ECG clues, safe replacement, hyperkalemia steps
- Pediatric Assessment and EmergenciesPAT, vital signs, airway infections, febrile seizures, dehydration, arrest, choking and abuse
- Lab Values to KnowNormal ranges in US units, therapeutic drug levels, and acting on a critical result
- Postpartum and Newborn NormalsFundus and lochia, BUBBLE-HE, PPH, Rh and vaccines, newborn vital signs, Apgar, jaundice, glucose, screening and discharge teaching
Other lab values
- Chemistry
- Hematology
- Coagulation
- Arterial blood gas
- Liver and pancreas
- Cardiac
- Therapeutic drug levels
- Pregnancy and postpartum
- Newborn
- Pediatric vital signs by age
- Pediatric labs that differ from adults
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Sources
- MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia ranges (National Library of Medicine, reviewed 2024–2026); ABIM laboratory reference ranges (January 2026) for hemoglobin, hematocrit and potassium; Merck Manual for ionized calcium; the heparin label for the aPTT target; ASHP/IDSA 2020 vancomycin guideline
For education and exam preparation only. Follow your institution’s protocols. Typical adult values for study. Follow the order, the label and your institution's protocols.